Analysis of Lead Metal Contents (Pb) in Various Cosmetic Dosage Forms Using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33651/jpkik.v10i2.582Keywords:
Cosmetics, Heavy metals, Lead, Health risk, Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometryAbstract
Cosmetics are the preparations whose products are most widely used by people in all circles, from babies to adults. However, it is not uncommon to find dangerous substances contained in cosmetics, one of which is lead contamination, so it is necessary to test the dangerous substances in them. This review aims to provide information regarding the presence and levels of the heavy metal lead in various cosmetic samples using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method and to analyze the dangers it causes. The method used is a literature review of articles with the keywords "cosmetics", "heavy metals", "lead pollution", "health risks" and "atomic absorption spectrophotometer" between 2019-2023. The results of the review that has been carried out are that the majority of cosmetics contain the heavy metal lead (Pb), either within the required limits or exceeding the required limits. The dangers posed by lead contamination in cosmetics used over a long period of time can be similar to acute or chronic toxic diseases, and can result in pathological changes in body organs such as the cardiovascular system, kidneys, bones, liver, potentially causing cancer and genetic changes. and the most fatal form of lead poisoning can cause death
References
N. L. O. Medicine, “Cosmetics,” U.S: https://medlineplus.gov/cosmetics.html.
R. N. Aulia and A. Zuhrotun, “Review Artikel: Penggunaan Metode Analisa Dalam Pengujian Kandungan Zat Berbahaya Dalam Kosmetika,” Farmaka, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 109–118, 2021.
F. and D. Administration, “Istilah-istilah dasar dalam toefl,” U.S: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/ cosmetics-guidance-regulation/ cosmetics-laws-regulations.
E. Marguí, R. Dalipi, L. Borgese, L. E. Depero, and I. Queralt, “Possibilities and drawbacks of total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as a fast, simple and cost-effective technique for multielement analyses of cosmetics,” Anal. Chim. Acta, pp. 27–37, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.005.
N. F. Fauziyah, L. Nurlaeli, R. B. Nian, and F. I. Kesehatan, “Analisis Cemaran Logam Berat Kadmium Dan Timbal Pada Liptint Merek Peiyen Unicorn Yang Dijual Di Toko Online Menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom,” JIFIN J. Ilm. Farm. Indones., vol. 01, no. 01, pp. 39–49, 2023.
BPOM RI, Peraturan BPOM No. HK.03.1.23.07.11.6662 Tahun 2011 Tentang Persyaratan Cemaran Mikroba Dan Logam Berat Dalam Kosmetika. 2011.
S. A. Azis, M. Irham, S. Sugianto, I. Setiawan, and A. Adnan, “Analysis of research methodology on the content of heavy metals in sediments on the Indonesian coastal,” Depik J. Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikan., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 260–266, 2021, doi: 10.13170/depik.10.3.21275.
D. Sylvia, D. L. Sari, and N. Rusdiana, “Heavy Metal Analysis on Blush on Online Selling by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Method (AAS),” Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Sustain. Innov. 2020–Health Sci. Nurs. (ICoSIHSN 2020), vol. 33, pp. 343–347, 2021, doi: 10.2991/ahsr.k.210115.072.
A. A. Alqadami et al., “Determination of heavy metals in skin-whitening cosmetics using microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry,” IET Nanobiotechnology, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 597–603, 2022, doi: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0212.
S. R. N Endah and S. I. Surantaatmadja, “The Determination of Heavy Metals Level?: Lead in Cosmetic Soap Preparation by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS),” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1179, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1179/1/012178.
A. Yugatama, A. K. Mawarni, H. Fadillah, and S. N. Zulaikha, “Analisis Kandungan Timbal dalam Beberapa Sediaan Kosmetik yang Beredar di Kota Surakarta,” JPSCR J. Pharm. Sci. Clin. Res., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 52–59, 2019, doi: 10.20961/jpscr.v4i1.28948.
F. Fatmawati, A. Asnawi, and S. Erawan, “Analisis Kadar Timbal pada Sediaan Maskara dari Pasar Lokal di Bandung,” al-Kimiya, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 28–31, 2019, doi: 10.15575/ak.v6i1.4454.
D. C. Dewi, Ri. Mahmudah, O. R. Kumalawati, and D. Amalullia, “Analisis Kadar Timbal (Pb) pada Bedak Tabur dan Eyeshadow dengan Variasi Metode Destruksi dan Zat Pengoksidasi dengan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom,” Alchemy J. Chem., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2019, doi: 10.18860/al.v7i1.7016.
F. Fauziah, A. Maulinda, and A. Adriani, “Analysis Of Heavy Metal Pollution (Pb) In Lipstick Are For Sale In The City Of Banda Aceh By Using Atom Absorption Spectrophotometry,” J. Pharm. Sci., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 77–84, 2020, doi: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v3i2.47.
F. Jaya, A. Guntarti, and Z. Kamal, “Determination Of Pb Levels In Various Shampoo Brands By Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry Methods,” Pharmaciana, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 9–14, 2021, doi: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v3i2.425.
M. Farida, R. Kurniaty, and A. Thahirah, “Analisis Logam Timbal (Pb) Dalam Eye Shadow Menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS),” Serambi Konstr., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 383–387, 2022.
D. Arifiyana and V. A. Devianti, “Analisis Cemaran Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dalam Sampel Bedak Menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA),” J. Farm., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 2021, [Online]. Available: http://repository.akfarsurabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/5%0Ahttp://repository.akfarsurabaya.ac.id/5/1/AERTIKEL ILMIAH_13515112_ERMAYULIS.pdf
H. Arshad, M. Z. Mehmood, M. H. Shah, and A. M. Abbasi, “Evaluation of heavy metals in cosmetic products and their health risk assessment,” Saudi Pharm. J., vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 779–790, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.05.006.
BPOM RI, Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor HK 03.1.23.07.11.6662 Tahun 2011 Tentang Persyaratan Cemaran Mikroba dan Logam . 2014.
F. Febriatama, E. Endrinaldi, and Z. D. Rofinda, “Analisis Kandungan Timbal pada Lipstik yang Terdaftar dan Tidak Terdaftar di Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan yang Dijual di Pasar Raya Kota Padang,” J. Kesehat. Andalas, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 475–479, 2019, doi: 10.25077/jka.v7i4.904.
D. Arifiyana, “Analisis Kandungan Logam Timbal pada Sediaan Kosmetik Bedak yang Beredar di Pasar Pengampon Surabaya,” J. Pharm. Sci., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 111–114, 2019.
E. F. Yanti and Z. Laili, “Analisis Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dalam Body Lotion Yang Beredar di Pasar Jember,” J. Islam. Pharm., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 94–99, 2022, doi: 10.18860/jip.v7i2.17448.
T. Alawiyah and R. Herowati, “Detection Of Heavy Metal Pb In Cosmetics At Banjarmasin Traditional Market,” J. Pharmasci (Journal Pharm. Sci., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 99–102, 2021.
P. Dinake, O. Motswetla, T. T. Kereeditse, and R. Kelebemang, “Assessment of level of heavy metals in cosmetics,” Toxicol. Res. Appl., vol. 7, pp. 1–8, 2023, doi: 10.1177/23978473231156620.
S. Ali et al., “Toxicology of heavy metals used in cosmetics,” J. Chil. Chem. Soc, vol. 67, no. 3, 2022.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Amelia Dyah Permatasari, Dewi Musnifatus Syifa, Leilani Zabrina, Naura Artanti, Novia Sari, Syifa Desnita
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
